Mineral resource is the foundation of global economic and social development, and is critical to the welfare of people in developing countries. Thus, international communities paid much attention on the development of mineral resources on large mineral metallogenic belts. The Tethys is one of the world’s three most important mineral domains and represents an ideal region for studying the metallogenesis and sustainable mineral resource development. To enhance the sustainable development of both mineral resources and regional economy, this project has proposed three main objectives in the next five years, including (1) reconstructing the metallogenic framework in the Tethys domain by delineating the prospecting areas of critical mineral resources using the nonlinear prospecting theory, (2) continuously improving the integrated utilization rates of mineral resources, gradually get rid of the low-level, inefficiency, higher wastage, and attempt to tackle the ecological and environmental problems, and (3) helping the developing countries in this domain to update national mineral policy to meet the requirements of sustainable development and globalized market and finally enhance the societal acceptance of the mineral development. The leaders and members of this project come from different countries in the Tethys domain, with a focus on developing countries and gender equality.